◆begin v.
1. 表示開始做某事,其后的動詞可用不定式也可用動名詞。如:
When did you begin to learn [learning] French? 你什么時候開始學(xué)法語?
Hearing the news she began to cry [crying]. 聽到這消息她就哭了。
注:當 begin 后接的是表示心里活動的動詞(如 think, realize, understand 等)或 begin 本身為 -ing 形式時,其后通常要接不定式而不接動名詞。如:
It is beginning to rain. 開始下雨了。
She began to understand. 她開始明白了。
2. 漢語說“從……開始”,英語一般不用 begin from, 而應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況選用適當?shù)慕樵~。如:
Our journey began at Changsha. 我們的旅行從長沙開始。
The sports meet begins on Monday. 運動會從星期一開始。
3. begin 作為終止性動詞,學(xué)生在很多地方容易出錯。如:
音樂會已開始半小時了。
誤:The concert has begun for half an hour.
正:The concert has been on for half an hour.
三點鐘下雨了。
誤:It rained at three o’clock.
正:It began to rain at three o’clock.
比較:It was raining at three o’clock.
◆beginning n.
1. 表示“起初”或“在開始時”,可用介詞 in 或 at。如:
At [In] the beginning he wasn’t interested in it. 開始他對此不感興趣。
若其后接有介詞 of, 則其前通常用介詞 at。如:
A war broke out at the beginning of the century. 世紀之初爆發(fā)了一次戰(zhàn)爭。
比較 from the beginning(從一開始)。如:
I knew from the beginning that he was wrong. 我從一開始就知道他是錯的。
2. from beginning to end 意為“從頭至尾”(注意不用冠詞)。如:
I’ve read the book from beginning to end. 我從頭至尾讀過這本書。
◆believe v.
1. 后接否定的賓語從句時,通常將否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。如:
I don’t believe that he will win. 我相信他不會贏。
2. 在簡略答語中,一般不單獨用 believe, 而用 I believe so. 或 I don’t believe so. /I believe not. 如:
A: Do you think he will come? 你認為他會來嗎?
B: No, I don’t believe so. [I believe not. ] 我想不會。
3. 可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語,但其中的不定式通常為 to be型,若為實義動詞,則通常為完成式。如:
They believed him (to be) mistaken. / They believed that he was mistaken. 他們認為他錯了。
I believe him to have arrived safely. 我相信他已平安到達。
4. 比較 believe sb 和 believe in sb:前者指相信某人的話(=
believe what one says);后者指信任某人的為人(=trust sb)。如:
I can believe him, but I can not believe in him. 我相信他說的話是真的,但是不相信他的為人。
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