主謂一致類知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. 并列主語(yǔ)受every, each修飾, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)
Every boy and girl ______ the film.
Each boy and girl ______ the film.
A. likes, likesB. like, likeC. likes, likeD. like, likes
此題應(yīng)選A。該題容易誤選B, 認(rèn)為主語(yǔ)部分含有 boy 和girl 兩部分, 應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。其實(shí)當(dāng)兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)受到 each, every, no等詞修飾時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)通常要用單數(shù)：
Each boy and (each) girl was in white. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都穿著白衣服。
Every man and woman was interested in it. 每一個(gè)男人和女人都對(duì)此感興趣。
Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本書(shū)和每張報(bào)紙都擺放得井井有條。
Every man and (every) woman in the village knows
this. 這個(gè)村子里的男男女女都知道這事。
Every boy and every girl is given an apple. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都被發(fā)給一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。
No teacher and (no) student was present. 沒(méi)有一個(gè)老師和學(xué)生出席。
He listened carefully, but no sound and no voicewas heard. 他仔細(xì)地聽(tīng), 但是沒(méi)聽(tīng)到一點(diǎn)聲音。
2. each用作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)
a. Each student ______ a dictionary.
b. The students each ______ a dictionary.
A. have, haveB. have, hasC, has, haveD. has, has
此題應(yīng)選C。a句的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù), 這很顯然。b句的謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù), 這點(diǎn)考生很容易出錯(cuò)。其實(shí)a, b兩句的意思是一樣的(＝每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本字典), 但是注意：b句真正的主語(yǔ)是thestudents, 其后的each是主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ), 由于謂語(yǔ)是與主語(yǔ)保持一致(而不是與其同位語(yǔ)保持一致), 所以此句要選 have。
請(qǐng)看以下例句：
We each have a computer. 我們每人都有一臺(tái)電腦。
They each have read the book. 他們每個(gè)人都讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。
The young people each carry a big bag. 這些年輕人個(gè)個(gè)背著一個(gè)大袋子。
My brother and I each have a car. 我和我兄弟每人都有一輛小汽車。
順便說(shuō)一句, 若用each of...作主語(yǔ), 其謂語(yǔ)通常是用單數(shù), 但在口語(yǔ)或非正式英語(yǔ)中也可用復(fù)數(shù)(不如用單數(shù)常見(jiàn))：
Each of the boys was [were] deeply frightened. 男孩子們個(gè)個(gè)都驚恐萬(wàn)分。
Each of these books was [were] interesting. 這些書(shū)當(dāng)中每一本都很有趣。
Each of the students has his [have their] ownbooks. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都有自己的書(shū)。
3. 謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該跟主語(yǔ)一致還是跟表語(yǔ)一致
We Chinese ______ a hard-working people.
A. isB. areC. is beingD. are being
此題應(yīng)選B。這里考生要注意的是：我們通常說(shuō)的是主謂一致(即謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)保持一致), 而不是表謂一致(即不是謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)一致), 本題意為：我們中國(guó)人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族。
注意以下類似例子：
These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 這兩本詞典是我送給我最好朋友吉姆的禮物。
The planets were the object of his study. 這些行星是他研究的目標(biāo)。
The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的東西是書(shū)。
The country’s leading export is watches. 這個(gè)國(guó)家的主輸出品是手表。
The best part of the meal is the coffee andcookies. 這餐飯最好的部分是咖啡和餅干。
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