本部分將常用易混詞和詞組歸納為127例，進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的辨析，并舉例說(shuō)明，以便于考生掌握使用。以下這些詞大部分出現(xiàn)在大綱詞表上，考生應(yīng)在學(xué)習(xí)中特別注意加以區(qū)分。
(21)announce v. /declare v. /claim v.
announce的意思是“通知，宣布(結(jié)果，決定等)”;declare的意思是“宣布(公告，法律等)，聲明”;claim意為“聲稱，要求得到，認(rèn)領(lǐng)”。
例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song.
她宣布歌手將再加唱一首歌。
The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations.
中美雙方宣布了雙邊外交關(guān)系的正�；�
They declared martial law in the mining communities.
他們宣布對(duì)礦區(qū)實(shí)行軍事管制。
If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?
請(qǐng)這部相機(jī)的失主前來(lái)認(rèn)領(lǐng)。
She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!
她聲稱自己的鋼琴?gòu)椀门cThemelis一樣棒。
(22)annoyed a. /upset a.
annoyed的意思是“不快的，惱火的”(比angry的程度要低)，從生氣的角度講不高興;upset的意思是“不高興，難過(guò)，不舒服”，從感到別扭的角度講不高興。
例：She was annoyed at your saying that.
你這么說(shuō)讓她很不自在。
I’ll be quite upset now, if you don’t come.
如果你不來(lái)，我會(huì)很不安的。
(23)apparatus n. /instrument n. /device n. /appliance n.
apparatus主要指“器械，裝置，儀器，器官”;instrument主要指“儀器，工具，樂(lè)器”;device指“器具，裝置，儀表，手段”;appliance指“器具，器械，家用電器等”。
例：The television men set up their apparatus, ready to film.
攝制組的人架好機(jī)器準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)拍。
All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use.
手術(shù)前，所有手術(shù)器械必須消毒。
The television receiver is an electronic device.
電視接收機(jī)是一種電子設(shè)備。
The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances.
廚房裝備了現(xiàn)代化的炊事用具。
(24)appoint v. /assign v.
appoint的意思是“任命，指派，委任”，后多跟職位一類的名詞;assign的相關(guān)意思是“分配，分派，指定”，后多跟具體的工作。
例：They appointed him Minister of Education.
他們?nèi)蚊麨榻逃块L(zhǎng)。
She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee.
她被任命為委員會(huì)的主席。
The problem was assigned to a commission.
這項(xiàng)任務(wù)交給了一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)去處理。
I assign you to wash the dishes.
我分配你去洗盤(pán)子。
(25)approach n. /method n.
這兩個(gè)詞都可以表示方法。approach常指“針對(duì)某一問(wèn)題的解決處理方法”，后跟介詞to;method泛指“任何方法”，適用范圍比approach要廣，后常跟介詞of。
例：There is no very easy approach to mathematics.
數(shù)學(xué)研究上沒(méi)有什么捷徑。
It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening.
很奇怪，他們?cè)趺磿?huì)選擇這種方式來(lái)打發(fā)這個(gè)晚上。
(26)approve v. /permit v. /admit v.
approve指較正式地對(duì)某種事情表示認(rèn)可、贊同或批準(zhǔn);permit指允許、不禁止某人干某事;admit指容納，允許進(jìn)入，承認(rèn)。
例：The mayoress approved the new building plans.
女市長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了新建筑計(jì)劃。
She won’t permit dogs in the house. 她不準(zhǔn)許家中有狗。
He was admitted to the commission. 他被該委員會(huì)接納。
(27)arise v. /arouse v.
arise是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”;arouse是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“引起，激起，喚起”。
例：A democratic movement has arisen. 一場(chǎng)民主運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我們把他從睡夢(mèng)中喚醒。
(28)assemble v. /resemble v.
這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，assemble意為“集中，集合，裝配”;resemble意為“相像”。
例：People began to assemble on the platform. 人們開(kāi)始向月臺(tái)聚集。
In that factory they can assemble a car in less than 15 minutes.
在那家工廠，工人們不到15分種就裝配好一部汽車(chē)。
Smith resembles his father very much in all his ways.
史密斯各方面都象他的父親。
(29)assure v. /ensure v. /insure v. /reassure v.
assure和ensure都有“保證，確保”之意。assure指十分肯定地向某人保證某事一定要發(fā)生，使其放心，因此后面往往跟人做賓語(yǔ)。ensure則強(qiáng)調(diào)能保證某種行為或某事件的結(jié)果一定發(fā)生。insure特指保險(xiǎn)，替……做保險(xiǎn);reassure意為“使人放心，使人安心，再向……保證”。
例：I assure you of the reliability of the information.
我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。
Ensure that it is written into your contract.
你得保證把這一點(diǎn)寫(xiě)到合同中去。
Is your house insured against fire?
你的房子做了防火保險(xiǎn)了嗎?
The woman was worried about the dangers of taking aspirins, but her doctor reassured her.
這名婦女擔(dān)心服用阿司匹林會(huì)帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)，她的醫(yī)生讓她放心，不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)的。
(30)assess v. /access n.
這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音很相近，容易搞混。assess是動(dòng)詞，意為“評(píng)估，估價(jià)”;access是名詞，意為“通路，能接近或使用”，后常跟介詞to。
例：The value of the property has been assessed at $70,000.
這處房產(chǎn)的估價(jià)為7萬(wàn)美元。
They sent someone to assess the value of the factory.
他們派人去評(píng)估那家工廠的價(jià)值。
The only access to the building is along the muddy track.
通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是這條泥濘的小路。
Only senior students have the access to this reading room.
只有高年級(jí)的同學(xué)才能進(jìn)這間閱覽室。
(31)attach v. /stick v.
attach的主要意思是“附加，附著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)附加;stick的主要意思是“粘貼，貼附于，緊貼著，固定”，強(qiáng)調(diào)緊密。
例：Wires are then attached to the ends of the electrodes.
然后將導(dǎo)線接到電極的一端。
There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached.
每人都有一份禮物，每份禮物都附有一首得體的小詩(shī)。
Just stick 2 stamps on the envelope.
在信封上貼上兩張郵票。
He stuck a rose in his buttonhole.
他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰。
(32)attribute to/owe to/due to
attribute to意為“歸因于，認(rèn)為是……的結(jié)果”;owe to意為“……應(yīng)歸功于……”;due to意為“由于，因……造成，歸功于”，常用作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。
例：Mr. Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living.
杜德先生把自己的健康體魄歸功于審慎的生活方式。
If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to you.
如果我有所進(jìn)步的話，那應(yīng)該歸功于你。
His absence was due to the storm.
由于風(fēng)暴他未能出席。
He failed due to carelessness.
他的粗心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。
(33)wake v. /awake v.&a. /waken v. /awaken v.
wake為動(dòng)詞，意思是“叫醒，醒來(lái)，喚醒”;awake意為“醒來(lái)，叫醒”，作形容詞時(shí)意為“醒著”;waken是動(dòng)詞，意為“叫醒，鬧醒”;awaken是動(dòng)詞，意為“叫醒”，多用于引申意義“覺(jué)醒，引起”。這四個(gè)詞中最常用的是wake，尤其在口語(yǔ)中;awake和awaken多用其引申意義;awake常用作不及物動(dòng)詞;awaken/waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞。
例：My brother wakes at seven each morning.
我弟弟每天早上7點(diǎn)鐘醒來(lái)。
This at once awakened suspicion.
這馬上引起了大家的懷疑。
When he awoke Joseph was beside him.
當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí)，約瑟夫就在他身邊。
The national spirit awoke.
民族精神覺(jué)醒了。
She gently wakened the sleeping child.
她輕輕地叫醒熟睡的孩子。
(34)award v.&n. /prize v.&n.
award作動(dòng)詞意為“發(fā)給……獎(jiǎng)品等”，作名詞意為“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金等”;prize作動(dòng)詞意為“珍視”，作名詞意為“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金”，也可以指“寶貴的物或人”，prize還可以作形容詞，意為“獲獎(jiǎng)的”。
例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.
奧林匹克冠軍獲得了金牌的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
They awarded him the Nobel prize.
他們?yōu)樗C發(fā)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。
Prizes will be given for the three best stories.
三部最佳作品將獲獎(jiǎng)。
Jane soon became popular for a prize rose.
簡(jiǎn)因那枝獲獎(jiǎng)玫瑰而遠(yuǎn)近聞名。
As a secretary she was a prize.
她真是一個(gè)不可多得的秘書(shū)。
(35)aware a. /notice v.&n.
aware意為“意識(shí)到的，認(rèn)識(shí)到的”，常用詞組be aware of;notice意為“注意到，察覺(jué)到”，notice還可以作名詞，意為“通知，注意”。
例：She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her.
直到他跟她講話她才注意到他的存在。
She is politically aware.
她很有政治頭腦。
Did you notice anything else peculiar?
你有沒(méi)有注意到任何特別的東西?
They sent me a notice.
他們給我發(fā)了一個(gè)通知。
(36)behave v. /conduct v. /act v.
behave指人的行為、舉止和表現(xiàn)。本為不及物動(dòng)詞，但用作此義時(shí)可與反身代詞連用;conduct與behave在作“行為”、“舉止”講時(shí)同義，但強(qiáng)調(diào)自我控制、約束;act作“行為”、“舉止”講時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能和反身代詞連用。
例：The child behaved (himself)badly at the party.
那孩子在聚會(huì)上的表現(xiàn)很差。
She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.
她悲傷時(shí)，表現(xiàn)出奇的冷靜。
She acts like a born leader.
她的舉止象個(gè)天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。
(37)blame v. /scold v.
blame的意思是“責(zé)備，怪罪，埋怨”;scold的意思是“(厲聲)責(zé)罵，斥責(zé)”。
例：I don’t blame you, I blame myself.
我不怪你，我怪我自己。
He blamed his failure on his teacher.
他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。
Her father scolded her for being too free with the soldiers.
她父親斥責(zé)她與這些兵交往太隨便。
(38)breed v. /feed v.
breed意為“養(yǎng)殖，培育，繁殖，教養(yǎng)”;feed意為“喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)”。
例：Some animals will not breed when kept in cages.
有些動(dòng)物關(guān)在籠子里就會(huì)很難繁殖。
Many farmers breed cows and sheep.
許多農(nóng)民養(yǎng)牛和羊。
She was feeding the baby with porridge.
她正用粥喂自己的寶寶。
The cows were feeding quietly in the meadows.
牛群在草地上靜靜地吃草。
(39)burden n. /load n.
burden意為“負(fù)擔(dān)，包袱，擔(dān)子”，多為貶義;load意為“裝載物，負(fù)荷，工作量”，也可指“思想上的負(fù)擔(dān)，壓力”。
例：They don’t want to add to the government’s burden.
他們不想給政府添包袱。
He was faced with the severe financial burden.
他面臨著嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。
The bridge has been built to support very heavy load.
建這座橋是為了使重載車(chē)也能通過(guò)。
The load on her mind grew lighter.
她的思想負(fù)擔(dān)輕了許多。
(40)campaign n. /champion n.
這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，容易弄混。campaign意為“(競(jìng)選)運(yùn)動(dòng)，戰(zhàn)役”;champion意為“冠軍”。
例：The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa.
德國(guó)人在北非戰(zhàn)役中打了敗仗。
The Party suggested a renewed campaign to raise production and practise economy.
該黨建議發(fā)起新的一輪運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。
The champion issued a challenge to all other boxers to fight him.
拳擊冠軍向所有其他拳擊手發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)。
(41)canal n. /channel n. /tunnel n.
canal意為“運(yùn)河等人工開(kāi)鑿的河流”;channel的意思是“海峽，渠道”，頻道;tunnel的意思是“隧道，地道”。
例：The big canal was completed in five years.
修建這條大運(yùn)河花了5年時(shí)間。
The English Channel separates France from England.
英吉利海峽將英法兩國(guó)隔開(kāi)。
You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help.
如果你想得到政府的幫助，你就必須通過(guò)官方渠道。
The railroad passes under the mountain through a tunnel.
鐵路經(jīng)隧道從大山下面通過(guò)。
(42)candidate n. /applicant n. /competitor n. /representative n.
candidate意為“候選人，應(yīng)征者”;applicant意為“申請(qǐng)人”;competitor意為“競(jìng)賽對(duì)手”;representative意為“代表”。
例：This time our candidate got 260 votes.
這一次我們的候選人獲得了260張選票。
There were three applicants for the job.
這項(xiàng)工作有3個(gè)人申請(qǐng)。
Tell the competitors for the next race to come here.
告訴下一項(xiàng)比賽的參賽者到這里來(lái)。
James is our representative at the meeting.
詹姆斯在會(huì)上是代表我們的。
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