不定式動(dòng)詞(Infinitive)的形式是:“to + 原動(dòng)詞”, 如:to come, to go, to play, to read, to listen, to sing等等。
在一般情況下,“to + 原動(dòng)詞”必須靠攏,但在某些情況里,“to”和原動(dòng)詞可以被適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~(Adverb)分開,在某些動(dòng)詞句型里,“to”則必須省略。
在什么情況下,不定式動(dòng)詞的兩部份可以分開呢?分開的目的何在?在大多數(shù)場(chǎng)合里,不定式動(dòng)詞兩部分不分開,只有在特殊環(huán)境里才準(zhǔn)許讓副詞加入,以便更準(zhǔn)確地,更自然地反映某些實(shí)際情況?纯聪旅嫒齻(gè)句子:
(1) Bob failed completely to fulfil his duties.
(2) Bob failed to fulfil his duties completely.
(3) Bob failed to completely fulfil his duties.
在(1)里,狀態(tài)副詞“Completely”既可修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“failed”,也可修飾不定式動(dòng)詞“to fulfil”。在 (2) 里,“completely”和被修飾的不定式動(dòng)詞離開太遠(yuǎn),力道不足,效果欠佳。在 (3) 里,“completely”夾在不定式動(dòng)詞兩部份之間,把它修飾得既自然又貼切;這個(gè)位置,在三個(gè)句子中,可說(shuō)是最恰當(dāng)?shù)牧恕?/p>
同樣的,(4)比(5)緊湊;(6)比(7)扎實(shí):
(4) It was wrong for Mr Lim to suddenly quit the job.
(5) It was wrong for Mr Lim suddenly to quit the job.
(6) Is it possible for a chaotic country to further develop its economy?
(7) Is it possible for a chaotic country to develop its economy further?
由于不定式動(dòng)詞的兩部分在適當(dāng)時(shí)分開有其優(yōu)點(diǎn),這種用法,在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)里越來(lái)越普遍。例如:
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