與往年的考綱詞匯相比,2008年的高考英語考綱詞匯又有所增加,并且增加的數(shù)量達(dá)到了240個(gè)之多。為幫助同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)備考,我們特地將這新增的240個(gè)詞匯注上了音標(biāo)、給出了詞義和例句,同時(shí)還根據(jù)各個(gè)詞匯的用法特點(diǎn)給出了“用法”“說明”“注意”“考點(diǎn)”“辨析”“比較”“聯(lián)想”等,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)備考有所幫助!
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absence[5AbsEns] n.1. [C,U]缺席;不在場(chǎng):I soon noticed his absence from the lecture. 我很快便察覺到他缺課。2.[U]缺乏;沒有:the absence of definite proof 缺乏確鑿的證據(jù)
【用法】1.通常為不可數(shù)名詞,但表示缺席或離開的次數(shù)或時(shí)間時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞:after an absence of three months 在離開3個(gè)月后 2.表示做某事缺席,其后通常接介詞 from:His absence from school was caused by illness. 他缺課是因?yàn)樯 ?.比較后接介詞from和in的區(qū)別:Nothing happened during his absence from America. 在他離開美國期間,沒有發(fā)生什么。/ Nothing happened during his absence in America. 當(dāng)他不在此地而在美國的期間,沒有發(fā)生什么。
absent[5AbsEnt] adj.1.缺席的;不在場(chǎng)的:How many students are absent (from class) today? 今天有多少學(xué)生缺席? 2.漫不經(jīng)心的;心不在焉的;茫然的:an absent stare 心不在焉的呆視
【用法】1. 用作形容詞,可表示“缺席的”;要表示“做某事缺席”,其后常接介詞 from:Several students were absent from class today. 今天有幾個(gè)學(xué)生上課缺席。有時(shí)根據(jù)不同的語境,也可能使用不同的介詞:He’s absent in Beijing. 他外出了,現(xiàn)在北京。2. 用作形容詞,有時(shí)表示“心不在焉,茫然的”等,通常只用作定語:She had an absent look on her face. 她臉上露出茫然的神色。
【考點(diǎn)】So many directors ______, the board meeting had to be put off.
A. were absent B. been absent C. had been absent D. being absent
答案為 D。句意為:因?yàn)橛性S多董事缺席,董事會(huì)議只好推遲。填空處為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。全句謂語為had to be put off,由于逗號(hào)前后兩部分之間沒有連接詞,所以逗號(hào)前面的結(jié)構(gòu)不能用完整謂語,而要用非謂語形式。
abuse[E5bju:z] vt.1.濫用:It’s important not to abuse your position. 重要的是不要濫用你的地位。2. 虐待:to abuse a horse 虐待一匹馬 n. [C,U]濫用:an abuse of authority 職權(quán)的濫用
【考點(diǎn)】It has been revealed that some government leaders _____ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
A. employ B. take C. abuse D. overlook
答案為C。句意為:據(jù)透露,一些政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)濫用職權(quán),非法謀利。比較:employ 雇用;take 拿,帶;abuse 濫用;overlook 俯瞰,遠(yuǎn)眺。
accommodation[[7kCm[5deIFn] n.1.[U]住處,辦公處,停留處,招待設(shè)備:The price of your holiday includes your hotel accommodation. 你度假的價(jià)格包括了你的旅館住宿費(fèi)用。2.[C, pl.]住處,膳宿:He has several overnight accommodations. 他有好幾處過夜的住處。
【用法】在英國英語中不可數(shù),在美國英語中通常用復(fù)數(shù),但不能與不定冠詞連用。
ache[eIk] vi.1.疼痛:His legs ached after playing football for two hours. 踢了兩個(gè)小時(shí)足球后,他感到腿痛。2. 渴望:She is aching to go abroad. 她一直渴望到各國外去。n.[C,U]痛,疼痛:He has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。
【辨析】ache與pain:1. ache 主要指肉體局部持續(xù)的疼痛或隱痛:My back aches terribly. 我背痛得厲害。而 pain 是一般用語,可指輕微的痛或劇烈的痛,可指局部的痛或全身的痛,可指持續(xù)的痛或突發(fā)的痛等:The death of his father gave him much pain. 他父親的死使他很悲痛。2. 由于 ache 常用于指局部的持續(xù)性疼痛,所以它常與某些表示身體部位的詞構(gòu)成合成詞,表示身體的某處疼痛(此時(shí)通常不用 pain):headache(頭痛),toothache(牙痛)等。
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