1 measure v． 測(cè)量；評(píng)估；測(cè)定
n． 尺寸；大��；度量單位；措施
(回歸課本P12)What does the Human Development Index measure?
人類發(fā)展指數(shù)是測(cè)量什么的？
12
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①Education shouldn’t be measured purely by examination results.
教育不應(yīng)該純粹用考試成績(jī)來(lái)衡量。
②I would rather have my clothes made to my own measure than buy those which are readymade.
我寧愿讓人根據(jù)我自己的尺寸定制衣服也不愿意買現(xiàn)成的。
③The government has promised to take measures to help the unemployed.
政府已答應(yīng)采取措施來(lái)幫助失業(yè)者。
④Her work has improved beyond measure.
她的工作已大有進(jìn)步。
即境活用
1．It is amazing that the little boy can swim________the river________100 meters wide.
A．a(chǎn)cross；measuring
B．over；measured
C．a(chǎn)cross；measure
D．through；measuring
解析：選A。across表示從表面上穿過(guò)；over指越過(guò)；through指從中間穿過(guò)，所以第一空用across；第二空用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾the river。 本句意為“那小男孩能游過(guò)一百米寬的河真是了不起。”
2.It’s high time we________effective________to improve your working conditions.
A．took；measures
B．made；measures
C．did；measure
D．had；measure
解析：選A�？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z(yǔ)take measures to do...表示“采取措施干……”。本句意為“該是我們采取有效措施來(lái)改善你們的工作條件的時(shí)候了�！�
2 position n． 地點(diǎn)，位置；姿勢(shì)；地位；立場(chǎng)，處境；職位
(回歸課本P12)The UK is in the thirteenth position，while China is in the middle of the list.
英國(guó)排在第十三位，而中國(guó)排在中間位置。
歸納總結(jié)
in a．..position處于……的地位/處境
be in/out of position在/不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?br />be in a position to do sth.(因有能力、金錢或權(quán)力而)能做某事
take up(one’s)position就位
shift one’s position改變立場(chǎng)
例句探源
①This put him and his colleagues in a difficult position.
這使他和同事們處于困難的境地。
②When I know all the facts，I’ll be in a position to advise you.
在我了解所有的事實(shí)之后，我就能給你提出建議了。
③She held the position of sales manager.
她擔(dān)任銷售經(jīng)理的職務(wù)。
④After the shelves were in position ，we realized we’d forgotten to paint them.
把那些架子放好之后，我們才意識(shí)到忘記給它們上漆了。
易混辨析
state，condition，situation，position
(1)state 多表示身體、心理狀況，也可表示物質(zhì)的狀態(tài)。
(2)condition表示周圍的工作、學(xué)習(xí)等的環(huán)境、條件(常用復(fù)數(shù))；表示身體條件(多為不可數(shù))。
(3)situation表示政治上的形勢(shì)、局面；表示公司或集團(tuán)的總狀況、處境等。
(4)position處境、情勢(shì) (尤指影響自己的行動(dòng)能力)；也可用來(lái)表示政治上的形勢(shì)、局面，不如situation正式。
①He applied for the position of assistant manager in the big company.
②She is in no condition to travel.
③The economic situation of the country is disastrous.
④Water has three states：solid，liquid and steam.
即境活用
3．(高考陜西卷)From their________on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.
A．stage B．position
C．condition D．situation
解析：選B�？疾槊~辨析。stage“(進(jìn)展的)階段，時(shí)期”；position“位置，職位”；condition“情況，條件”；situation“情況，形勢(shì)，情景”。句意：從他們所在的電視塔頂?shù)奈恢�，游客們可以更好地觀看這座城市。這里明顯說(shuō)的是位置，所以用position。
4.Before entering the room，I was asked to show the soldier the________of my suitcase.
A．contents B．shape
C．position D．instructions
解析：選A。句意：在進(jìn)屋之前，戰(zhàn)士讓我出示一下手提箱里的東西。content內(nèi)容，容納物；shape形狀；position位置；instructions指示，說(shuō)明。故A項(xiàng)符合。
3 figure n． 數(shù)字；圖形；人物；身材
v． 計(jì)算；認(rèn)為，以為
(回歸課本P13)Complete the chart with figures from the passage.
用短文中的數(shù)字完成表格。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①His score is now well into double figures.
他的得分現(xiàn)在已達(dá)到兩位數(shù)了。
②I figured that he was drunk and shouldn’t be allowed to drive.
我認(rèn)為他喝醉了，不應(yīng)該讓他開(kāi)車。
③(高考安徽卷)Ask some openended questions，which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.
問(wèn)一些開(kāi)放式的問(wèn)題，這將使你弄清楚他希望達(dá)到什么意圖。
即境活用
5.The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to________ its reality.
A．make up B．figure out
C．look through D．put off
解析：選B。句意是：目前的形勢(shì)非常復(fù)雜，因此我認(rèn)為要花費(fèi)一段時(shí)間才能弄清楚它的真實(shí)情況。make up組成；編造；彌補(bǔ)；look through溫習(xí)；仔細(xì)查看；瀏覽；put off推遲。
6．完成句子
Can you ________________it？你能弄明白如何做這事嗎？
答案：figure out how to do
4 exchange v． & n． 交換；調(diào)換；兌換；交易
(回歸課本P19)There are visits and exchanges between schools，theatre groups and sports teams.
雙方的學(xué)校、戲劇團(tuán)體和體育代表團(tuán)隊(duì)之間進(jìn)行互訪和交流。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①He exchanged the plough for the sword.
他以犁換劍(化干戈為玉帛)。
②Will you exchange seats with me?
你愿意同我調(diào)換座位嗎？
③An exchange of opinions is helpful.
相互交換意見(jiàn)是有益的。
④Let’s make an exchange.You’ll clean my room，and I’ll do the shopping for you.
讓我們做個(gè)交換，你為我打掃房間，我為你買東西。
⑤(牛津P691)Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera?
用我的舊電視換這架照相機(jī)，你愿意嗎？
即境活用
7．I have offered to paint the house ________ a week’s accommodation.
A．in exchange for
B．with regard to
C．by means of
D．in place of
解析：選A。句意是：我主動(dòng)提出粉刷這所房子，條件是讓我免費(fèi)吃住一周。空白處要用in exchange for表示“作為交換”。with regard to關(guān)于；by means of憑借……手段；in place of代替。
5 make efforts 努力，盡力
(回歸課本P12)The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.
報(bào)告顯示我們一直在進(jìn)步，但我們還需要付出更大的努力。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①Every effort is being made to deal with the issues you raised at the last meeting.
正盡一切努力處理你在上次會(huì)議上提出的問(wèn)題。
②Frank put a lot of effort into the preparations for the party.
弗蘭克花了很大力氣來(lái)準(zhǔn)備這次聚會(huì)。
③We will spare no effort to host the Shanghai Expo.
我們將盡一切力量舉辦上海世博會(huì)。
④(牛津P641)With effort she managed to stop herself laughing.她好不容易才忍住了笑。
即境活用
8．Every effort should be________to save the boy’s life.
A．taken B．done C．made D．given
解析：選C�？疾楣潭ù钆鋗ake every effort to do...表示“盡一切努力做……”，本句意為“應(yīng)該盡一切努力來(lái)挽救那個(gè)男孩的生命�！�
9.完成句子
She________________(盡力)to be nice to her boss.
解析：本句意為“她努力討好她的老板�！�
答案：made an effort
6 be connected with 與……有聯(lián)系；與……有關(guān)
(回歸課本P16)Which word is connected with building?
哪個(gè)詞和建筑有關(guān)？
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①Connect the speakers to the record player and plug it in.
將揚(yáng)聲器連接在唱機(jī)上，再插上插頭。
②(高考江蘇卷)The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia.
第一個(gè)或許能通過(guò)越南和馬來(lái)西亞把昆明和新加坡連接起來(lái)。
③Her diligence must have something to do with her success.
她的勤勉和她的成功一定有某種關(guān)系。
④We only discuss what is related to us.
我們只討論與我們有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。
⑤The reporter wants to know whether the official is involved in the case.
這個(gè)記者想知道那位官員是否涉及此案。
即境活用
10．That soldier was suspected to________the crime.
A．connect to B．connect with C．be connected to D．be connected with
解析：選D。be connected with“和……有聯(lián)系”。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Norway is at the top of the list，while the U．S. is at number 7.(P12)
挪威高居榜首，而美國(guó)則名列第七。
【句法分析】 while 在此句中作并列連詞，意為“然而”，表示一種對(duì)比關(guān)系。
①Some people are for his plan while others are against it.
一些人贊成他的計(jì)劃，而其他人反對(duì)。
②I am fond of music while my brother is fond of sports.
我喜歡音樂(lè)而我弟弟喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。
while還可以表示“盡管，雖然”以及“只要(＝as long as)”。
③(牛津P2293)While I am willing to help，I do not have much time available.
盡管我愿意幫忙，但是沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間。
【注意】 but是并列連詞，常用以引出與前后相對(duì)照或修飾前文的句子、詞或詞組。while常用作從屬連詞，表示“而，然而”時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)前后對(duì)比性，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)句子。
即境活用
11．(高考安徽卷)?I wonder how much you charge for your services.
?The first two are free________the third costs $30.
A．while B．until
C．when D．before
解析：選A。句意：??我想知道你要收多少服務(wù)費(fèi)。??前兩次是免費(fèi)的，但第三次的費(fèi)用是30美元。while而，但是；until直到；when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；before在……之前，才，就。
12.She thought I was talking about her daughter，________in fact，I was talking about my daughter.
A．whom B．where
C．which D．while
解析：選D。句意“她認(rèn)為我在談?wù)撍畠�，但事�?shí)上，我談?wù)摰氖俏遗畠骸！?br />2【教材原句】 It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age，and...(P19)
它是有著相似的面積和年代的城鎮(zhèn)之間的一份協(xié)定，而且……
【句法分析】
(1)be of＋抽象名詞＝be＋該名詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞
(2)“be of＋集合名詞或其他類型的名詞”。此處為普通用法，相當(dāng)于“……的”，此時(shí)的名詞多是表示親屬、血統(tǒng)、種族、國(guó)籍及出處等的名詞，常用的名詞有family/blood/race/origin等。
(3)“be of＋物質(zhì)名詞”表示主語(yǔ)是“用某種材料構(gòu)成或制作的”，相當(dāng)于be made of或be built of。
(4)還有些抽象名詞沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的形容詞形式。如：
be of the size/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/shape/kind/type...。
①This dictionary is of great use to learners of English.
＝This dictionary is very useful to learners of English.
這本詞典對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者很有用。
②Her father is a man of short height.
她爸爸是一位身材矮小的男人。
③Several of the stamps were of the unusual kind.
其中幾張郵票是不常見(jiàn)的種類。
④They are of the same state.＝They belong to the same state.他們屬于同一個(gè)州。
⑤Our building was of bricks.＝Our building was built of bricks.我們的樓房是用磚建的。
即境活用
13．(高考遼寧卷)Children need friends________their own age to play with.
A．of B．for
C．in D．a(chǎn)t
解析：選A�？疾榻樵~搭配。of與age構(gòu)成固定搭配。friends of their own age意思是“他們的同齡朋友們”。
14.This book is________to my translation，but that one is________.
A．great help；helpless
B．a(chǎn) great help；of no use
C．important；of few importance
D．very helpful；of no any use
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