一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)孩子睡眠不足，這可能會導致他們未來罹患心臟病。
Young teens who slept less than seven hours a night tended to have more body fat, elevated blood pressure and less healthy cholesterol levels -- all bad for the heart, researchers say.
研究人員稱，每晚睡眠少于7小時的青少年身體脂肪多，血壓高，膽固醇水平低??這些都對心臟有害。
Heart disease remains a leading killer, said lead researcher Elizabeth Cespedes Feliciano. She’s a staff scientist with the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research in Oakland, Calif.
心臟病仍然是頭號殺手，首席研究員伊麗莎白?塞斯佩德斯?費利西亞諾說。她是加州奧克蘭凱澤永久北加州研究部的科學工作人員。
"We really want our youth to be on a healthy trajectory," Feliciano said, "and it’s a little alarming you would see adverse cardiometabolic profiles emerging even at an age as young as 13."
“我們真的希望我們的年輕人走上健康的軌道，”費利西亞諾說，“令人有點擔憂的是，有害的心臟代謝曲線竟能早到13歲時就出現(xiàn)�！�
But it seems that very few kids are getting the kind of nightly slumber that would protect their future heart health.
但似乎很少有孩子能得到那種能保障他們未來健康的夜間睡眠。
Average sleep duration for kids in the study was only a little over seven hours per day, researchers found.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這項研究中的孩子平均每天睡眠時間只有7小時多一點。
In fact, only 2.2 percent of the kids met or exceeded the average recommended sleep duration for their age group -- nine hours per day for kids 11 to 13 and eight hours per day for teens 14 to 17.
事實上，只有2.2 %的孩子達到或超過了他們年齡組的平均推薦睡眠時間，11到13歲的孩子每天9小時，14到17歲的孩子每天8小時。
Further, nearly a third of kids slept less than seven hours.
此外，近三分之一的孩子睡眠不足七小時。
"I was really struck by how little these adolescents are sleeping," said Dr. Andrew Varga, a sleep medicine specialist with the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. "It’s not totally surprising, given what I know about kids and their habits, but you would think there would be some drive for these kids to sleep more because they have a high sleep need."
紐約西奈山伊坎醫(yī)學院的睡眠醫(yī)學專家安德魯?瓦爾加博士說:“我真的被這些青少年睡眠的太少所震撼�！�。“考慮到我對孩子和他們習慣的了解，這并不完全令人驚訝，但你會認為這些孩子會有更多的動力去睡覺，因為他們有很高的睡眠需求。"
Prior studies have shown that inadequate sleep boosts the odds for obesity. But Feliciano’s team wanted to see whether a lack of sleep also affects other heart disease factors for kids.
先前的研究顯示，睡眠不足會增加肥胖的幾率。但是費利西亞諾的研究小組想知道睡眠不足是否也會影響其他兒童心臟病的因素。
So, they turned to 829 teenagers participating in Project Viva, a long-term study that recruited pregnant moms and has tracked them and their children for nearly 14 years.
因此，他們求助于829名青少年，他們參與了Viva項目，這是一項長期研究，它招募的是懷孕的母親，并跟蹤他們和孩子近2019年。
At an average age of 13, the kids were asked to put on a wrist-worn movement sensor at bedtime that would track both their duration of sleep and whether they had restless sleep, Feliciano said.
費利西亞諾說，這些孩子平均13歲時，他們被要求在睡覺前戴上手腕上的運動傳感器，跟蹤他們的睡眠時間和他們是否睡得不安穩(wěn)。
The kids wore the sensors of seven to 10 days. They also underwent a series of screenings for heart health risk factors.
孩子們戴了7到10天的傳感器。他們還接受了一系列心臟健康危險因素的篩查。
Teens with shorter sleep duration and more restless sleep wound up having the least healthy profiles. They had wider waist circumference, increased body fat, higher blood pressure, and lower levels of "good" HDL cholesterol.
睡眠時間較短和睡眠不安的青少年健康狀況最差。他們腰圍變寬，體脂增加，血壓升高，高密度脂蛋白膽固醇水平降低。
Although cause-and-effect couldn’t be shown in this stuidy, Feliciano believes the lack of good sleep did help trigger these risk factors, given prior research.
盡管因果關系不能在這一缺陷中表現(xiàn)出來，費利西亞諾相信，根據(jù)先前的研究，缺乏良好的睡眠確實有助于觸發(fā)這些危險因素。
"We know from short-term experimental studies that when you deprive someone of sleep or interrupt their sleep, that has effects on some of the same cardiometabolic risk factors examined in this study," she said.
她說:“我們從短期的實驗研究中知道，當你剝奪一個人的睡眠或打斷他的睡眠時，會對本研究中研究的一些同樣的心臟代謝危險因素產(chǎn)生影響�！�。
There are a number of ways sleep can affect heart health, Feliciano said.
費利西亞諾說，睡眠可以從許多方面影響心臟健康。
Sleeplessness can spur changes in appetite, and also has been linked to decreased levels of physical activity. "You’re awake longer, but you’re often fatigued so you might not be engaging in sports or exercise," Feliciano said.
失眠可以刺激食欲的變化，也與體力活動的減少有關。費利西亞諾說:“你醒得更久了，但是你經(jīng)常疲勞，所以你可能不會參加運動或鍛煉。”。
Sleep also is important in the regulation of blood pressure and blood sugar, Varga said.
瓦爾加說，睡眠在調(diào)節(jié)血壓和血糖方面也很重要。
"It’s known that sleep is really helpful for lowering blood pressure," Varga said. "There are natural dips in blood pressure that occur throughout the night. When you’re sleeping less, that happens less and offers less blood pressure control."
“眾所周知，睡眠確實有助于降低血壓。整個晚上血壓都會自然下降。睡眠越少，下降的越少，血壓控制就越少，"瓦爾加表示。
So what’s keeping kids up at night?
那么是什么導致孩子們晚上熬夜?
Feliciano believes screen time is probably causing most of the sleep deprivation.
費利西亞諾認為，大部分睡眠剝奪可能是由于沉迷于屏幕造成的。
"Television viewing is still the dominant way these children are consuming media, but small screens are a concern as well, because you can bring those right into your bedroom," Feliciano said. "I do think screen media is a culprit for short and disrupted sleep, especially in this population that’s very plugged in."
費利西亞諾說:“看電視仍然是這些孩子消費媒體的主要方式，但小屏幕也是一個問題，因為你可以把它們帶到你的臥室里。”�！拔掖_實認為，屏幕媒體是導致睡眠不足和中斷的罪魁禍首，尤其是在這個人口密集的地區(qū)。"
There’s also a general lack of awareness among parents regarding the sleep needs of teenagers, Varga said.
瓦爾加說，還有一個方面是父母對青少年的睡眠需求普遍缺乏認識。
"There’s an impression that as kids become teenagers, we think of them as small adults who don’t need as much sleep as younger children," Varga said. "That’s totally not true. Even up to the early 20s, sleep needs are higher than that of a mature adult."
“有一種印象，當孩子變成青少年時，我們認為他們是小大人，不需要像小孩子那樣多的睡眠。”“那完全不對。即使到了20歲出頭，睡眠需求也高于成年人�！�
Parents need to put their foot down when it comes to screen time at bedtime, Feliciano said.
費利西亞諾說，父母需要對睡前的沉迷屏幕現(xiàn)象采取堅定措施。
"I would recommend the bedroom be a screen-free zone," she said. "I think that would improve sleep duration and quality in adolescents."
“我建議不要將屏幕帶到臥室里來，”她說，“我認為這會改善青少年的睡眠時間和睡眠質(zhì)量。"
The study was published June 15 in the journal Pediatrics.
這項研究發(fā)表在6月15日的兒科雜志上。
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