1. 動(dòng)名詞的句法功能：動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動(dòng)名詞主要起名詞作用，在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
①作主語(yǔ)，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語(yǔ)，而把動(dòng)名詞后置。
eg. Seeing is believing. (眼見(jiàn)為實(shí))
Saying is easier than doing.
Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))
動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)還有以下兩個(gè)習(xí)慣表答法：
It is no use (good) 動(dòng)名詞：做某事沒(méi)有用
Eg. It's no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收)
There is no 動(dòng)名詞 (= It is impossible to do sth.)
Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.（未來(lái)的事無(wú)法知道）
②作表語(yǔ)：通常是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，注意它與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句為SVC結(jié)構(gòu)) 可改為：Collecting stamps is his hobby.
Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)，此句為SVO結(jié)構(gòu))
不能改為：Collecting stamps is he.
③作賓語(yǔ)
A. 作及物動(dòng)詞 的賓語(yǔ)(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)
eg. 2005年上海卷No.32
He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk _____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
答案為B
有些動(dòng)詞（attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love）后面既可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義差別不大。通常認(rèn)為用動(dòng)名詞泛指一般的傾向性，用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動(dòng)作。
Eg. I like swimming but I don't like to swim in winter.
 

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