牛津高中英語(yǔ)設(shè)計(jì)
單　　元：Unit 2 Language
板　　塊：Project 1
堂設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)思想：
如果“Welcome”是一個(gè)單元的序曲，Project則是單元的尾聲。就像一首動(dòng)聽(tīng)感人的樂(lè)曲，需要每個(gè)節(jié)都有恰到好處的表現(xiàn)一樣，單元的處理也要采取各種適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞竭M(jìn)行演繹。 Project的設(shè)計(jì)通常由兩部分構(gòu)成：一篇閱讀本和學(xué)生的合作項(xiàng)目，要處理得得當(dāng)，真正操作起是有很高的要求的。這種要求體現(xiàn)在：學(xué)生方面，需要投入大量的時(shí)間、精力以及超出語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)本身的各種社會(huì)交往、協(xié)調(diào)、工作能力；對(duì)于老師，則要有統(tǒng)籌、策劃和全盤(pán)掌控、指導(dǎo)的能力。在很多學(xué)校，由于受到時(shí)間的限制或是應(yīng)試的影響，“Project”往往予以忽略，或者干脆作為“Reading”教，這與“Project”設(shè)計(jì)的本初衷是相違背的，對(duì)于學(xué)生終身發(fā)展也是錯(cuò)過(guò)了很好的鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)。所以“Project”還是要還其本面目，當(dāng)然我們不能否認(rèn)從中國(guó)國(guó)情的實(shí)際出發(fā)，我們?cè)诰唧w操作上應(yīng)該因時(shí)因地制宜，作出適當(dāng)調(diào)整和取舍，這是符合客觀規(guī)律的。本時(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)為“Project”的第一時(shí)，主要是側(cè)重于本的處理。對(duì)于“Project”的本，我們?cè)趯?shí)際操作中達(dá)成了這樣的認(rèn)識(shí)：本是用以閱讀的，但是不同于“Reading”的閱讀，“Project”的本閱讀不是單單以獲取信息、了解本為目的的，它的存在是以閱讀為基礎(chǔ)，為下一時(shí)的圖冊(cè)本設(shè)計(jì)提供信息與藍(lán)本。
Teaching aims:
1.Get to know the development of Chinese characters;
2.Get informed of the formation of Chinese characters;
3.Learn to explain the Chinese character by the way it forms.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Lead-in
Show the students a picture of a running horse. Simplify the image using lines. And explain how it became the origin of the character “馬”. Introduce the topic “The development of Chinese characters”.
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】作為本閱讀的導(dǎo)入，主要實(shí)現(xiàn)：挑起學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣、激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情、自然而然地引至主題。

Step 2 Skimming
Skim the text and discuss the structure of the text between partners. Think about how many parts we can divide the whole text into.
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】通過(guò)快速閱讀，掌握本的結(jié)構(gòu)劃分，對(duì)于本實(shí)現(xiàn)整體性的粗線條把握。
Step 3 Listening
Listen to the text and summarize the main idea for each part.
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】在本劃分基礎(chǔ)上概括每部分的總體大意。

Step 4 Intensive reading
Part１
What makes the Chinese language differ from many Western languages?
The Chinese language differs from many Western languages in that it uses characters which have meanings and can stand alone as words. Chinese character can represent ideas, objects or actions.
Chinese words are formed by combining different characters.
Part 2
Who is said to have invented Chinese writing?
Cang Jie.
Give a short introduction of Cang Jie.
倉(cāng)頡也稱(chēng)蒼頡，傳說(shuō)為黃帝的史官，漢字的創(chuàng)造者。傳說(shuō)中倉(cāng)頡生有“雙瞳四目”。目有重瞳者，中國(guó)史書(shū)上記載只有三個(gè)人∶虞舜、倉(cāng)頡、項(xiàng)羽。虞舜是禪讓的圣人、孝順的圣人，而倉(cāng)頡是圣人，項(xiàng)羽則是武圣人。
What fired his idea of inventing Chinese characters?
Footprints in the sno
Part 3
How are Chinese characters formed?
1. line drawings of physical objects — pictographs (象形)
(Show students a picture of examples of development of pictographs.)
(ore pictographs are given for students to match with their simplified characters.)
2. combine two or more elements together to express ideas or directions and numbers (會(huì)意)
The teacher explains some characters.
examples: 家（有房有豬）采（手采摘草本植物）尖（上小下大）旦(地平線上的太陽(yáng))
ore characters are given to the students. They are encouraged to use their imagination to explain them.
囚——人困于門(mén)中，伐——人持刀戈，仙——中人，眾——多人，男——田里的勞力，休——人倚木而息，明——日與月，鳴——鳥(niǎo)口之聲，孬——不好，森——眾木，炎——多火，本——木之根，末——木之梢，歪——不正
3. combine meaning and sound —— pictophonetic characters (形聲)
The teacher gives examples: 磚 編 聆 罵
Ask the students to have a discussion with the partner and try to find some more examples of pictophonetic characters.
Part 4
When were simplified Chinese characters introduced by the Chinese government?
In the 1950s.
Where are simplified Chinese characters used?
In mainland China.
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】在掌握本結(jié)構(gòu)，主體大意的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行本的精細(xì)閱讀，目的是在理解本細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上，為Project的圖冊(cè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行素材的收集，寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)的梳理。

Step 5 Retelling
Retelling the development of Chinese character according to what we’ve learned today.
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】?jī)?nèi)容復(fù)述是對(duì)于本閱讀的及時(shí)檢驗(yàn)，學(xué)生只有在對(duì)本結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容兩者都充分理解的基礎(chǔ)上才可能實(shí)現(xiàn)流暢的復(fù)述。復(fù)述的形式可以采用同桌間操練，之后隨機(jī)選取同學(xué)進(jìn)行陳述的方式，更為理想的是全班隨機(jī)復(fù)述，每人一句。

Step 6 Dialogue
ake up a dialogue discussing the development of Chinese characters.
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】進(jìn)一步檢測(cè)、確認(rèn)學(xué)生對(duì)本的理解，在理解的基礎(chǔ)上鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維，鼓勵(lì)基于本、高于本的對(duì)話(huà)創(chuàng)作。

Step 7 Homework
Find more information on the Internet about the development of Chinese characters.
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)閱讀，提高學(xué)生搜尋、定位、整合信息的能力，為下一時(shí)的圖冊(cè)制作實(shí)現(xiàn)素材的積累。

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